Constitutive modelling of non-cohesive soils under high-strain rates: a consistency approach

Rapid loading of sands is a common issue in geotechnical engineering problems such as projectile or free-fall impact. At high strain rates (HSR), soils show more strength and enhanced dilation (viscoplastic behaviour) compared to the response at low (inviscid behaviour). However, few constitutive models account for viscoplasticity sands. Hence, development viscoplastic highly desired. Usually, modelled using overstress methods. methods impose an overall modification equations, which prevents control evolution internal state variables enforcement consistency condition. In this study, generalised consistency–viscoplasticity method proposed applied non-associative modified Mohr–Coulomb model with coupled stress–dilation relation. The influence rate incorporated work–energy approach by way inertial coefficient. Two explicit integration strategies are compared, guidelines their implementation shared. numerical tested drained triaxial simulations under constant axial rate, relaxation impact loading. results indicate that feasible alternative simulate soil behaviour HSR, capturing reasonably well observed experimental responses.